Clinostomum disease
Symptoms
Oval-shaped objects(tunicates) around 2-3mm near the skin.
Cause
It is caused by parasitism of Clinostomum.
It can be seen on the loach usually, the oval-shaped object(tunicates) in body is surrounded by larvae, also called Metacercaria.
There is not much effect on host(fish), but Metacercaria is activated along with the water temperatures rising, then leave from tunicates, which result in the death of around structure until death.
The fish is one of the intermediate hosts, their initial intermediate host is like Radix auriclaria japonica, and the definitive host is like heron.
Countermeasure
There is no way to cure the fish which parasitized by Metacercaria. However, eliminating hosts such as shellfish or preventing heron invasion can help prevent infection.
